Turbine.



vvitnesses:

No. 841,488. PATENTBD JAN. 15, 1907. J. G. CALLAN.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 1, 1905.

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' Inventofi .Johr G. Caller No. 841,483. PATENTED JAN. 15, 1907.

J. G. GALL'AN.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUGJ, 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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John 6.Cal Ian,

a ttly JOHN G, CALLAN, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION NEW YORK.

TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jam. 15, 1907.

Application filed Aug'ust1,1905. Serial N6. 272.215.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN G. CALLAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lynn, county of Essex, State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to elasticfluidturbines, and has for its objects to improve and simplify their construction.

In the accom anying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of my invention, Figure 1 isa longitudinal section of a turbine of the Curtis type with the governor-casing in elevation. Fig. 2 isa perspective view of the drum which carries the intermediates, and Figs. 3 aid 4 are detail views showing a modified form of the drum-attaching means. 1 re resents the wheel-casing, which may be made in a single piece for small machines and in two or more pieces for larger machines and occupy a vertical or horizontal position. It is provided with a fixed wall or cover'2 and a removable head or cover 3, secured by bolts. To the cover is secured a casing 4, that incloses the shaft governor.

The interior of the wheel-casing may be machined or only spot-faced, as desired.

. Located within and engaging the finished surfaces of the casin is a rum 5, made of thin sheet metal. T 's drum carries the intermediate or fluid reversing buckets 6, which are located between the buckets 7, carried by the wheel 8. The wheel-buckets completely surround the wheel, while the intermediate buckets extend circumferentially over an are somewhat greater than that covered by the nozzle 9. The nozzle is preferably of the expanding type, comprising a number of closely-associated passages. The nozzle-passages and bucket-spaces are so designed as to' have the proper ratios of expansion. Thenozzle is detachably secured to the valvechest 10, and the latter is bolted to the head of the casing. Steam is admitted to the chest by the conduit 11. The inter mediate buckets themselves extend only partly around the wheel; but connecting the ends of their support and curved around the Wheel are blank walls 12 or blank interme :ates, as they are sometimes called. These walls are roylded with smooth surfaces, which are ocated in close proximity to the idle wheel-bucketsto prevent or largely reduce their fan-like action when in motion. The said action absorbs power and results in a decreasein efficiency unless provision is made to overcome it. The axial clearance adjacent to the buckets should be as small as practicable. This will be about the same as that between the wheel and intermediate buckets; The axial clearance elsewhere should be greater and external radial clear-1 ance considerably more. If too small clear ances are provided, the water due to expans on will get between the arts and act as a waterbrake; if too large, t e walls will not effectively prevent .the buckets from acting like fans.v The blank intermediates are also supported by the drum, the latter being made in one or more parts.

I prefer to make the drum in at least two parts and divide the intermediate buckets and blanks correspondingly. Between the adjoining faces of the drum are located one or more wedges or equivalent devices 13, which expand the drum slightly and cause it to fit the interior of the wheel-casing. here the intermediates and blanksare made in rings, it frequently happens that they will be distorted to a greater or less extent. The wedges correct this and cause the drum to be forced outward to a true circle in contact with the in side of the wheel-casing. This arrangement also decreases-the number of parts to be handled to a minimum.

The drum may be prevented from moving longitudinally by engaging with the wall 2 on one side and the cover 3 on the other, as shown in Fig. 1. The edges of the drum are preferably tapered slightly, so as to enter grooves formed in the wall 2 and the cover 3 and by reason of this taper are firmly seated. On the other hand, the drum may be held in frictional contact with the inner surface of the casing by oneor more wedges located between joints and be relatively free to move slightly in a longitudinal direction. Such an arrangement is shown in Figs. 3 and 4. By reason of this arrangement if the Wheelbuckets rub on the blank intermediates they will cause the drum to move bodily, and with it the intermediates, thus automatically ad and through the perforations.

cover' 3, while in Figs. 3 and i the end of each I wedge is screw-threaded and a nut provided to seat the wedge.

In addition to acting merely as a support for the divided sets of intermediates the drum may also act as a separator to separate the liquid particles from the motive fluid. To do this, the segments of the drum are perforated, as at 14. These perforatiors regisfor when the parts are assembled with the clearances between the wheel-buckets andv intermediates. As the wheel rotates at high peripheral speed the water given up by the steam in expanding' is discharged outwardly Owin g to the spot-facing of the interior of the wheelbasing, circumferential channels are provided between the drum and the casing, and the water issuing from the perforations 1a is thus collected and discharged by one or more ,passages 16 into the exhaust-conduit 17 of the turbine. For the purpose of illustration only the lower half of the drum in Fig. 2 is provided with perforations; but both parts will ordinarily be so provided.

In addition to providing blank walls connecting the ends of the intermediate bucket- .segments or supports to reduce rotation.

1 losses the inner surfaces of the casing-wall 2 and cover 3 are shaped to conform to the contour of the sides of the wheel. The space or clearance between these surfaces and the idle wheel-buckets shouldbe substantially the same as that between the wheel and intermediate buckets to obtain the best results. By using the walls of the wheel-casing for this purpose the use of additional devices for reducing rotation. losses is avoided. By rea really with respect to each otheran d the drum and attached parts removed. In assembling the parts the above steps are re. versed.

In larger machines the drum can be made in a greater number of sections, if desired, with wedges or other devices for expanding or forcing the sections outwardly. Around I the 'shaftare suitable packings 18 and 19 to reduce the leakage.

All of the intermediate buckets which may be given. any desired shape may be mounted on the same drum, or a greater-number of drums may be employed where there are a large number ofbucketsj to be su ported. The drum is cylindrical in its simp est form; but the shape may be varied to satisfy any peculiarities in the construction of the turb ne. By duphcating the arrangement it can be applied to a multistage mach ine.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I have described the prinei ple of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment'thereof; but. I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative and that the invention can be carried out by equivalent means.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. In an elasticdluid turbine, the combination of a set of moving buckets, a fluid-discharging device, a second set of buckets arranged in the form of a ring, a support for the ring, and a means for expanding the ring and causing it to engage the casing.

2. in an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a bucket-wheel, a casing therefor, one or more segmental rows of intermediate buckets which direct motive fluid against the wheel buckets, one or more blank walls which connect the adjacent ends of the segmental rows to cut down rotation losses, and a removable drum that is located within and engages the wheel-casing to which the intermediate buckets and walls are secured.

3. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a bucket-wheel, a casing therefor, one or more rows of intermediate buckets which direct motive fluid against the wheel-buckets, a divided drum which carries the intermediate buckets, and means for securing the parts of the drumin place.

4. in an elastic-fluid turbine, the combinetion of a bucket-wheel, a casing therefor, one or more rows of intermediate buckets which direct motive fluid against the Wheel-buckets a drum, means for attaching the intermediate buckets to the drum, and a device for expanding the drum to hold it in place within the casing.

5. An. elastic-fiuid turbine comprising a buckct-wheel, intermediate buckets, and an inclosing casing, incombination with, a support for the intermediate buckets which is located between the periphery of the wheel and the casing, and a device for expanding the support to secure it in place.

An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a wheel having rows of peripheral buckets, intermediate buckets arranged in rows and located in the spaces between the wheel-buckets forconveying motive fluid. from one to the other, an inc-losing casing, a removable. end for the casing, a split drum for the intermediate buckets, and a means for expanding the drum to hold it in place, the drum and casing being capable of relative axial movement to expose the wheel when the end is removed and the said means released.

' port located within and separate from the duce the rotatr.

casing which is common to the intermediate buckets and the blank wall or walls.

8.- An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a bucket-wheel, intermediate buckets for conveying motive fluid from one to the other, one or more blank walls which connect the adjacent ends of the segmental rows of intermediate buckets and are located in close proximity to the wheel-buckets to reduce rotation losses, a split drum located within and separate from the casing which is common to the intermediate buckets and the blank wall or walls, and a means for expanding the drum.

9. An elastic fluid turbine comprising wheel and intermediate buckets, an inclosing casing, in combination with one or more blank walls which connect the intermediates, the said walls being separated from the wheelbuckets by a clearance substantially the same as that between the relatively rotating buckets, and a support common to the intermediates and walls which is independent of the casing. v

10. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising wheel and intermediate buckets, in combinati on with one or more blank walls connecting the ends of the intermediate buckets and located between adjacent rows of wheelbuckets to reduce rotation losses of the idle buckets, and an inclosing casing, the walls of which are situated in close proximity to the idle wheel-buckets to further reduce rotation losses.

11. An elastic-fluid turbine comprisingwheel and intermediate buckets, in combination with one or more blank walls connecting the ends of the intermediate buckets and located between adjacentrows of wheelbuckets to reduce rotation losses of the idle buckets, and an inclosing casing, the walls of which are situated in close proximi to the idle wheehbuc is and also follow the con tour of the'bo of the wheel to further rein losses and cut down the free space within the casing to minimum.

12. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising wheel and intermediate buckets, and a casing,

i mediates that also acts as a device for sep- :twcen the wheel era-ting moisture from the motive fluid.

l2. An'elaistic-fiuid turbine comprising a bucket-wheel, means for admitting motive fluid thereto to produce rotation, and an inclosing casing, in combination with a devicevfor separating liquid particles from the motive fluid which comprises a curved perforated member located between the wheel and the walls of the casing.

'14. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a bucket -wheel, means for admitting motive fluid thereto to produce rotation, and an inclosing casing, in combination with a device for separating liquid particles from the motive fluid which comprises a member which is curved to conform to the shape of the wheel and is provided vdth perforations registering with the clearances between the relatively movable buckets.

15. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a bucket-wheel, intermediate buckets located between the wheel-buckets for directing motive fluid from one row to another, and an inclosing casing, in combination with a drum winch carries the intermediates and is itself in frictional engagement with the casing so.

that when the relatively movable parts contact the buckets and the drum will be'automatically adjusted.

friction existing between the casing and drum.

17. An elastic-fiuidturbine comprising a bucketwheel, a means admitting motive fluid thereto to produce rotation, and an inclosing casing, in combination with intermediates arranged in rings and located between the wheel-buckets, and means for expanding the rings and causing them to assume a true circle in contact with an outside support.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 14th day of July, 1905.

JOHN G. CALLAN.

l Vitnesses:

JOHN A. hIOlVIANUS, JOHN J. l/VALKER.

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